Here’s what the simulation shows:
Layout A rectangular series circuit drawn on a dark background. The circuit forms a closed loop — wires run along the top, right side, bottom, and left side.
Components (left to right along the top wire):
- Battery (left vertical wire) — drawn as a tall cell with 3 glowing segments, labelled with the EMF voltage. The +/− terminals are shown at top and bottom.
- R₁, R₂, R₃ (three resistors) — each drawn as a box with a zigzag line inside, the classic resistor symbol. The resistance value (Ω) is shown below each one.
- SW (switch) — a pivot-and-lever style switch at the far right of the top wire, showing OPEN or CLOSED.
Interactivity
- The switch button (top bar) opens or closes the circuit. When closed, the wires glow cyan and animated electron particles flow around the loop — faster with higher current.
- 4 sliders (bottom bar) let you adjust the battery voltage (1–24V) and each resistor (10–500Ω) in real time.
- The 4 meters (top bar) update live: Voltage, Current in mA, Total Resistance in Ω, and Power in mW.
- When the circuit is on, each resistor shows its voltage drop (V = I × R) directly on the diagram.
Key physics it demonstrates In a series circuit, the same current flows through every component, total resistance is the sum of all resistors, and the voltage from the battery is shared (dropped) proportionally across each resistor depending on its resistance.